Sangharsh Hindi Movie Download Akshay Kumar Full [verified] ⚡ Must Try

To watch or download the 1999 psychological thriller , starring Akshay Kumar and Preity Zinta, you can use several authorized streaming services. While availability varies by region, the following platforms typically host the film: Official Streaming & Download Platforms Amazon Prime Video : You can stream the movie directly on Amazon Prime Video

, where offline viewing is supported via the "Download" feature in the mobile app. : The film is available on

, the primary rights holder for many classic Bollywood titles. JioCinema / Airtel Xstream : In some regions, the movie is accessible through Airtel Xstream via bundled subscriptions. Google Play Movies

: You may find options to rent or purchase a digital copy for permanent download on Google Play Safety and Security Tips Avoid Piracy Sites

: Sites claiming "free full movie download" often contain malware or phishing links. Stick to established platforms like Prime Video to ensure your device's safety. Subscription Check : Availability can change; use a search aggregator like to check current availability in your specific country. Offline Viewing

: Most legal apps allow you to download content within their ecosystem for watching without an internet connection. available on these same platforms?

Sangharsh streaming: where to watch movie online? - JustWatch

Sangharsh is available in the United Kingdom and Guernsey on Eros Now Amazon Channel. ... Top 5 providers * Netflix. Sangharsh - Prime Video

The 1999 Hindi film , starring Akshay Kumar and Preity Zinta, is a psychological thriller directed by Tanuja Chandra. The plot follows rookie CBI officer Reet Oberoi (Zinta), who seeks the help of an incarcerated genius, Professor Aman Varma (Kumar), to capture a religious fanatic and child serial killer, Lajja Shankar Pandey (Ashutosh Rana). Where to Watch and Download

The full movie is available for streaming on several official platforms, many of which offer an offline "download" feature within their respective apps:

JioCinema: Stream for free or download via the JioCinema app.

Eros Now: Available for streaming and offline viewing on the Eros Now platform.

YouTube: The film is occasionally available for free through official channels like YouTube Movies.

Airtel Xstream: Accessible for subscribers on the Airtel Xstream website/app. Key Movie Details Genre: Psychological Horror Thriller Release Date: September 3, 1999 Cast: Akshay Kumar, Preity Zinta, and Ashutosh Rana.

Notable Debut: This film marked the first screen appearance of Alia Bhatt, who played the younger version of Preity Zinta's character.

Inspiration: The film is widely considered an adaptation of the Hollywood classic The Silence of the Lambs, though the director has stated it was inspired by actual police cases in India.

Introduction

"Sangharsh" is a thought-provoking Hindi movie that showcases the struggles of a common man against the corrupt system. Released in 1999, the film stars Akshay Kumar, Ashutosh Rana, and Mahima Chaudhary in pivotal roles. Directed by Mahesh Bhatt, "Sangharsh" is a gripping drama that explores themes of injustice, inequality, and the fight for human rights.

Movie Plot

The movie revolves around Vijay (Akshay Kumar), a small-time trader who becomes a victim of circumstance when he is falsely accused of a crime he didn't commit. Despite his best efforts to prove his innocence, Vijay faces numerous challenges and hardships as he navigates the corrupt and inefficient judicial system. His struggles are compounded by the fact that he is a common man with limited resources, while his opponents are powerful and influential.

As Vijay fights for his rights, he becomes a symbol of resistance against the oppressive system. With the help of a few sympathetic individuals, including a lawyer (Ashutosh Rana) and a journalist (Mahima Chaudhary), Vijay takes on the corrupt authorities and powerful forces that seek to silence him.

Key Highlights of the Movie

  • Powerful Performance by Akshay Kumar: Akshay Kumar delivers a remarkable performance as Vijay, bringing to life the character's emotions, frustrations, and determination.
  • Socially Relevant Themes: "Sangharsh" tackles pressing social issues, including police brutality, corruption, and the struggles of the common man.
  • Intense Drama and Suspense: The movie is filled with intense moments of drama and suspense, keeping viewers on the edge of their seats.

Why Download "Sangharsh" Movie?

If you're a fan of thought-provoking dramas that challenge the status quo, "Sangharsh" is a must-watch movie. Here are some reasons why you should download the full movie:

  • Inspiring Storyline: The movie's inspiring storyline, coupled with outstanding performances, makes for an engaging watch.
  • Relevant to Contemporary Times: Despite being released over two decades ago, "Sangharsh" remains relevant to contemporary times, with its themes and issues still resonating with audiences today.
  • Akshay Kumar at His Best: For fans of Akshay Kumar, "Sangharsh" showcases the actor's range and versatility as a performer.

How to Download "Sangharsh" Movie

To download the full "Sangharsh" movie, you can try the following options:

  • Official Streaming Platforms: Check official streaming platforms like Amazon Prime Video, Hotstar, or YouTube Movies, which may have the movie available for streaming or download.
  • Movie Rental Services: You can also rent or buy the movie from online rental services like Google Play Movies or iTunes.
  • Torrent Sites: However, be cautious when using torrent sites, as they may pose risks to your device and personal data.

Conclusion

"Sangharsh" is a gripping and thought-provoking movie that showcases the struggles of a common man against the corrupt system. With a powerful performance by Akshay Kumar, socially relevant themes, and intense drama, this movie is a must-watch for fans of Hindi cinema. By downloading the full movie, you'll be treated to an inspiring storyline that remains relevant to contemporary times. So, download "Sangharsh" today and experience the thrill of a movie that will leave you thinking long after the credits roll.

Sangharsh (1999): A Cinematic Masterpiece of Suspense and Performance

Released on September 3, 1999, Sangharsh is a landmark psychological crime thriller in Indian cinema. Directed by Tanuja Chandra and produced by Mukesh Bhatt, the film is celebrated for its gripping narrative, bone-chilling villainy, and career-defining performances by its lead cast. The Gripping Plot: A Battle Against Darkness

The story follows Reet Oberoi (Preity Zinta), a rookie CBI officer haunted by her past, who is tasked with catching a terrifying religious fanatic, Lajja Shankar Pandey (Ashutosh Rana). Pandey is responsible for a series of child abductions and ritualistic sacrifices to achieve immortality.

To understand the mind of such a killer, Reet seeks the unconventional help of an incarcerated genius, Professor Aman Varma (Akshay Kumar). The film evolves into a high-stakes race against time to rescue the Home Minister's kidnapped child, forcing Reet and Aman to confront their own fears and prejudices. Cast and Impactful Performances

The film's strength lies in its powerful portrayals, which broke away from the traditional Bollywood formulas of the late 90s.

The 1999 psychological thriller , starring Akshay Kumar , is widely regarded as one of the most intense films in Hindi cinema. Directed by Tanuja Chandra, it is often noted for its striking similarities to the 1991 Hollywood classic The Silence of the Lambs. Where to Watch Legally sangharsh hindi movie download akshay kumar full

You can watch the full movie legally through several streaming platforms in India instead of using unauthorized download sites: Zee5: Available for streaming in High Definition .

Jio Cinema / JioHotstar: Often available as part of their drama and mystery catalogs .

Amazon Prime Video: The film is listed for streaming and digital purchase in various regions. Eros Now: Available for online viewing on their platform. Movie Overview

The 1999 psychological thriller Sangharsh , starring Akshay Kumar, Preity Zinta, and Ashutosh Rana, is available to stream or rent legally through several digital platforms. Where to Watch Legally

You can watch the full movie on the following official platforms:

Eros Now: The film is available for streaming on the Eros Now website and app.

Amazon Prime Video: It is available as part of the Eros Now channel on Prime Video in certain regions.

Jio Cinema: The movie is frequently listed for streaming on Jio Cinema in India.

YouTube: While full versions are often uploaded by third parties, you should look for official channels or check the YouTube Movies rental section for a high-quality, legal version.

Apple TV / Google Play: You can rent or buy the movie in HD on Apple TV or Google Play Movies. Downloading for Offline Viewing

To download the movie safely, use the official download feature provided within the mobile apps of the services mentioned above (e.g., Eros Now or Prime Video). This allows you to watch the film offline without violating copyright laws or risking malware from unauthorized pirate sites.

Note: Availability can vary by country. If you cannot find it on these platforms in your region, it may be listed under a different local distributor. Sangharsh - movie: where to watch streaming online

The 1999 film Sangharsh remains one of the most intense psychological thrillers in Bollywood history. While Akshay Kumar delivers a grounded, heroic performance, the movie is best remembered for Ashutosh Rana’s terrifying portrayal of Lajja Shankar Pandey and Preity Zinta’s breakout role as a vulnerable yet determined CBI officer.

If you are looking to watch this classic, here is the best way to do it legally and in high quality: Where to Watch Sangharsh Online

Instead of risking your device with "free download" sites that often carry malware and intrusive ads, you can stream Sangharsh on official platforms:

YouTube: The full movie is often available for free (with ads) on official Shemaroo or Ultra Movie channels.

Netflix / Prime Video: Availability varies by region, but it frequently appears in their "Classic Bollywood" catalogs.

JioCinema / ZEE5: These platforms often host 90s thriller libraries where you can stream it in HD. Why It’s Worth the Watch

The Performance: Ashutosh Rana’s performance is widely considered one of the greatest villainous turns in Indian cinema. His "scream" scene is legendary.

The Story: Inspired by The Silence of the Lambs, the film follows a CBI trainee who seeks the help of an imprisoned genius (Akshay Kumar) to catch a religious fanatic committing child sacrifices.

The Music: Jatin-Lalit delivered a hauntingly beautiful soundtrack, with "Mujhe Raat Din" remaining a fan favorite.

Pro Tip: For the best experience, look for the Remastered HD versions on YouTube to ensure the dark, atmospheric cinematography is clear.

(1999) is a psychological horror thriller directed by Tanuja Chandra and produced by Vishesh Films . This critical success served as a major turning point for Akshay Kumar , proving his acting range beyond typical action roles. Movie Overview Release Date: September 3, 1999. Psychological Thriller, Horror, Crime. Core Plot: A rookie CBI officer, Reet Oberoi

(Preity Zinta), must seek the help of an incarcerated, brilliant professor, Aman Varma

(Akshay Kumar), to track down a religious fanatic serial killer, Lajja Shankar Pandey (Ashutosh Rana), who abducts and sacrifices children. Thematic Inspiration: While often compared to the 1991 Hollywood film The Silence of the Lambs

, director Tanuja Chandra stated it was inspired by a real-life Indian police case. Key Cast and Crew Tanuja Chandra. Akshay Kumar as Professor Aman Varma (the intellectual prisoner). Preity Zinta as Reet Oberoi (the determined CBI trainee). Ashutosh Rana

as Lajja Shankar Pandey (the iconic, terrifying antagonist). Alia Bhatt made her screen debut as the child version of Reet Oberoi. Composed by Jatin–Lalit

, featuring popular tracks like "Mujhe Raat Din" and "Dil Ka Qaraar". Critical & Commercial Analysis Critical Reception: The film received positive reviews, particularly for Ashutosh Rana’s spine-chilling performance, which won him the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role

. Critics also praised Akshay Kumar's restrained and impactful acting. Box Office Performance:

The film was a moderate commercial success. With a budget of approximately ₹40 million (₹4 crore), it earned around ₹105 million

(₹10.5 crore) at the worldwide box office. Its official box office verdict was

Sangharsh (1999) - A Thrilling Hindi Movie Starring Akshay Kumar

Overview

Sangharsh is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language psychological thriller film directed by Mahesh Bhatt and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and N. V. Krishna Reddy. The movie stars Akshay Kumar, Shaan, and Pooja Bhatt in lead roles. The film revolves around a prisoner named Vijay (Akshay Kumar) who suffers from a rare psychological condition known as dissociative identity disorder, which leads to a thrilling and suspenseful storyline.

Plot

The movie begins with Vijay Singh (Akshay Kumar), a prisoner who is sentenced to life imprisonment for a crime he claims not to have committed. As the story unfolds, it becomes clear that Vijay suffers from dissociative identity disorder, which results in him having multiple personalities. He is haunted by his alter ego, 'Devil,' a ruthless and cunning personality that takes over his body.

As the story progresses, Shaan (Shaan), a defense lawyer, takes on Vijay's case and becomes intrigued by his peculiar behavior. Pooja (Pooja Bhatt), a kind-hearted and beautiful woman, also gets involved in Vijay's life, which adds another layer to the narrative.

The film explores themes of identity, justice, and the blurred lines between reality and fantasy. The narrative is full of twists and turns, keeping the audience on the edge of their seats.

Cast and Crew

  • Akshay Kumar as Vijay Singh / Devil
  • Shaan as Defense Lawyer Shaan
  • Pooja Bhatt as Pooja
  • Mahesh Bhatt as Judge
  • Surendra Pal as Police Commissioner
  • Ashutosh Rana as Cop

Technical Specifications

  • Director: Mahesh Bhatt
  • Producers: Mahesh Bhatt, N. V. Krishna Reddy
  • Music Director: Viju Shah
  • Cinematography: K. U. Mohanan
  • Editing: Deepak Thakkar
  • Language: Hindi
  • Genre: Psychological Thriller
  • Runtime: 135 minutes

Availability and Download Options

The movie Sangharsh (1999) is available on various online platforms for streaming and download. However, we recommend using legitimate sources to access the movie:

  • Amazon Prime Video: You can stream Sangharsh on Amazon Prime Video.
  • YouTube: The movie is available for rent or purchase on YouTube Movies.
  • Google Play Movies: You can also rent or buy Sangharsh on Google Play Movies.
  • DVD/ Blu-ray: If you prefer a physical copy, you can purchase the DVD or Blu-ray disc from online marketplaces.

Akshay Kumar's Performance

Akshay Kumar delivers a remarkable performance in Sangharsh, portraying the complexities of his character with ease. His depiction of Vijay's multiple personalities and the conflicts within him is impressive and engaging.

Conclusion

Sangharsh (1999) is a gripping psychological thriller that keeps the audience engaged until the very end. With Akshay Kumar's strong performance, Mahesh Bhatt's direction, and a suspenseful plot, this movie is a must-watch for fans of the genre. If you're interested in watching more of Akshay Kumar's work or exploring the thriller genre, Sangharsh is an excellent choice.

Sangharsh Hindi Movie Download Akshay Kumar Full: A Thrilling Journey

The 1999 Bollywood film "Sangharsh" is a psychological thriller that has captivated audiences with its gripping storyline, outstanding performances, and Akshay Kumar's remarkable portrayal of a prisoner. Directed by Mahesh Bhatt, the movie follows the journey of Vijay Pal (played by Akshay Kumar), a wrongly accused man who finds himself in a mental asylum, fighting for his survival and truth.

The Plot

The story revolves around Vijay Pal, a young man who is sentenced to life imprisonment for a crime he did not commit. As he navigates the harsh realities of prison life, he befriends a childhood friend, Avinash (played by Sunil Shetty), who is already an inmate. However, their bond is tested when Avinash starts to exhibit symptoms of schizophrenia, and Vijay begins to question his own sanity.

As the narrative unfolds, Vijay's determination to prove his innocence and uncover the truth behind Avinash's deteriorating mental health takes center stage. The movie's intense climax and Akshay Kumar's riveting performance make "Sangharsh" a memorable watch.

Akshay Kumar's Performance

Akshay Kumar's portrayal of Vijay Pal in "Sangharsh" is widely regarded as one of his best performances. He brings a sense of vulnerability and intensity to the character, making the audience empathize with his plight. His on-screen chemistry with co-stars Sunil Shetty and Mahesh Bhatt adds depth to the story, making it an engaging ride.

The Music

The film's soundtrack, composed by Viju Shah, features iconic songs like "Tujhe Dekha To" and "Dil Mila De". These melodious tracks not only complement the movie's narrative but also evoke a sense of nostalgia in listeners. The music in "Sangharsh" plays a vital role in setting the tone for key scenes, making it an integral part of the film's success.

Impact and Legacy

"Sangharsh" received mixed reviews upon its release but has since gained a cult following for its unique storytelling and strong performances. The movie's portrayal of mental health issues, particularly schizophrenia, sparked conversations and raised awareness about the importance of mental well-being.

The film's influence can be seen in many subsequent Bollywood movies and web series that have explored similar themes. "Sangharsh" serves as a testament to Akshay Kumar's versatility as an actor and his ability to take on complex, challenging roles.

Downloading or Streaming "Sangharsh"

For those interested in watching "Sangharsh" or re-watching this classic, several options are available:

  • Amazon Prime Video: The movie is available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video, offering a convenient way to enjoy the film from the comfort of your home.
  • YouTube: "Sangharsh" can be rented or purchased on YouTube Movies, providing an alternative for those who prefer to own or rent individual movies.
  • Google Play Movies & TV: The film is also available for rent or purchase on Google Play Movies & TV, catering to Android users and those who prefer this platform.

Conclusion

"Sangharsh" is a gripping psychological thriller that showcases Akshay Kumar's exceptional acting skills and Mahesh Bhatt's directorial prowess. With its intense storyline, memorable characters, and iconic music, the movie has become a beloved classic among Bollywood fans. If you're in the mood for a thrilling ride with a blend of drama, suspense, and strong performances, "Sangharsh" is definitely worth watching.

By choosing to stream or download "Sangharsh" through legitimate channels, you not only ensure a high-quality viewing experience but also support the creators and actors who brought this captivating story to life.

Sangharsh Hindi Movie Download Akshay Kumar Full: FAQs

  • Is "Sangharsh" available for free download?

    • No, "Sangharsh" is not available for free download. However, you can stream it on Amazon Prime Video or rent/purchase it on YouTube Movies and Google Play Movies & TV.

  • Is the movie based on a true story?

    • While the story is fictional, it explores themes of mental health, wrongful conviction, and survival, making it a relatable and thought-provoking watch.

  • What makes Akshay Kumar's performance in "Sangharsh" stand out?

    • Akshay Kumar's portrayal of Vijay Pal showcases his range as an actor, bringing depth and nuance to the character. His performance adds to the movie's emotional impact and keeps viewers engaged throughout.

  • Can I purchase a physical copy of the movie?

    • Yes, you can purchase a DVD or Blu-ray copy of "Sangharsh" from online marketplaces or local video stores, providing a tangible way to enjoy the film.

The 1999 Hindi movie , starring Akshay Kumar , is a psychological crime thriller directed by Tanuja Chandra. It is widely recognized for its intense performances, particularly by Akshay Kumar and Ashutosh Rana, and is often noted for being inspired by the Hollywood classic The Silence of the Lambs. Key Feature: Power-Packed Performances

One of the most significant features of the film is its critically acclaimed acting, which marked a major turning point in Akshay Kumar's career:

Akshay Kumar (Professor Aman Varma): Departing from his usual action-hero image of the 1990s, Kumar delivered a restrained and emotionally layered performance as an incarcerated genius who helps catch a serial killer.

Ashutosh Rana (Lajja Shankar Pandey): His portrayal of a terrifying, religious fanatic serial killer won him the Filmfare Award for Best Villain and is considered one of the most chilling performances in Indian cinema history.

Preity Zinta (CBI Officer Reet Oberoi): Zinta played the central role of a rookie investigator battling personal trauma, receiving high praise for her performance.

Alia Bhatt's Debut: Notably, a young Alia Bhatt made her first-ever screen appearance in this film, playing the childhood version of Preity Zinta's character. Where to Watch Online

For those looking to watch the film legally, it is available on several platforms in India (availability may vary by region): Sangharsh (1999) - IMDb

I cannot draft a paper or provide guidance on downloading copyrighted movies like Sangharsh (1999, starring Akshay Kumar, Preity Zinta, and Ashutosh Rana) from unauthorized sources. Doing so would violate copyright laws and intellectual property rights.

Instead, I can offer a complete informational paper on the film’s legitimate availability, its cultural significance, and legal ways to access it.

Title: Sangharsh (1999): A Cinematic Analysis and Guide to Legal Access

1. Introduction Sangharsh is a Hindi psychological horror-thriller directed by Tanuja Chandra. Inspired by The Silence of the Lambs, the film stars Akshay Kumar as a vengeful killer, Preity Zinta as a CBI officer, and Ashutosh Rana in a career-defining role as the sadistic villain, Lajja Shankar Pandey. The film is noted for its dark themes, strong performances, and cult following.

2. Why Downloading from Piracy Sites is Harmful

  • Legal Consequences: Downloading movies from torrent or unauthorized websites is illegal under the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, and can result in fines or legal action.
  • Security Risks: Piracy sites often contain malware, spyware, and intrusive ads that compromise user data.
  • Artistic Harm: Piracy deprives filmmakers, actors, and technicians of their rightful earnings.

3. Legal Ways to Watch or Download Sangharsh As of 2026, Sangharsh is available on legitimate platforms. Users can:

  • Stream or Download via Subscription: Check availability on Disney+ Hotstar, Amazon Prime Video, Zee5, or YouTube Movies (rent or buy).
  • Purchase Digital Copy: Platforms like Apple iTunes, Google Play Movies, and YouTube offer paid downloads for offline viewing.
  • Physical Media: DVD and Blu-ray copies may be available on e-commerce sites like Amazon or Flipkart.

4. Critical Reception and Legacy

  • Ashutosh Rana won the Filmfare Best Villain Award for his portrayal of Lajja Shankar.
  • The film’s climax, shot in a candle-lit cave, is studied for its use of lighting and sound design.
  • Though not a major box office success initially, Sangharsh gained cult status for its bold narrative and powerful antagonist.

5. Conclusion While the desire to download Sangharsh is understandable, it must be done through legal channels to respect copyright law and support the film industry. Viewers are strongly encouraged to use authorized streaming or purchase platforms.

If you need a paper on the film’s themes, character analysis, or comparison with The Silence of the Lambs, I’d be happy to help with that instead. Let me know.

To watch or download the full movie (1999) starring Akshay Kumar, you can use several official digital platforms. Availability often depends on your region, as streaming rights can change. Official Streaming Platforms You can find Sangharsh on the following services:

Amazon Prime Video: The film is available to stream for Prime members in certain regions.

Eros Now: You can watch the full movie via the Eros Now website or its dedicated channel on other platforms like Amazon Prime Video.

Apple TV: The movie is available for purchase or rent on Apple TV.

Google Play Movies: You can also find it as a digital title on Google Play for rent or purchase. How to Download

Most of these services offer a download for offline viewing feature through their official mobile apps:

Subscription Apps: If you have a subscription to Amazon Prime Video or Eros Now, open their app on your phone or tablet. Search for "Sangharsh" and tap the download icon (usually a downward arrow) to save it to your device.

Purchase/Rent: On Apple TV or Google Play, once you buy the movie, it will be added to your library, allowing you to download it directly through the app. Google Watch Action Data

This response uses data provided by Google's Knowledge Graph

Why am I not able to watch Indian Hindi movies in Prime Video India?

I understand you're looking for an article containing the keyword "sangharsh hindi movie download akshay kumar full." However, I must clarify that promoting or facilitating the downloading of copyrighted movies from unauthorized sources is illegal and unethical.

Instead, I will provide a detailed, SEO-optimized article about the film Sangharsh, its cast (including Akshay Kumar), its legacy, and the legal ways to watch or download it. This approach respects copyright laws while answering the user's underlying interest in the film.

Q3: Is Akshay Kumar the hero in Sangharsh?

Not exactly. He plays a complex, anti-hero/psychiatrist character. It is very different from his typical roles.

3. YouTube (Official Channel)

Sometimes, the official YouTube channel of Shemaroo or Ultra Bollywood uploads Sangharsh legally. You can rent or buy it there. Always check for the "Verified" badge.

The Plot: A Terrifying Cat-and-Mouse Game

Sangharsh (meaning "struggle") follows Reet Oberoi (Preity Zinta), a young CBI officer on the trail of a child kidnapper and murderer. She seeks help from a convicted criminal, Professor Aman Varma (Akshay Kumar), who understands the killer’s twisted psyche. The film is praised for its dark atmosphere, haunting performances, and a climax that stays with you long after. To watch or download the 1999 psychological thriller

Why You Should Watch Sangharsh Today

  • Ashutosh Rana’s Award-Winning Performance: His “Lajja Shankar” is considered one of Bollywood’s most terrifying villains, complete with the iconic dialogue: “Aur kitna ro dogi?”
  • Preity Zinta’s First Serious Role: She shed her bubbly image to play a gritty cop.
  • Akshay Kumar’s Grey Character: A rare role where he isn’t the quintessential hero.
  • Timeless Themes: The film explores trauma, justice, and sacrifice—still relevant today.

Step-by-Step Guide to Legal Download

  1. Amazon Prime Video – Search “Sangharsh 1999”. Click the download icon on the movie page. Watch offline on the app.
  2. Google Play Movies / Apple TV – Rent or buy the movie. Download once and keep in your library.
  3. YouTube Movies – Purchase the HD version. Downloads are allowed within the YouTube app.