Module 3 Process Piping Hydraulics Sizing And Pressure Rating Pdf ((better)) -

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6. Practical design limits and guidelines

Keep velocities within recommended ranges for fluid type to limit erosion, noise, and pressure loss.
For long gas lines, optimize diameter to balance capital cost vs operating compression costs. Use 10–20% of static pressure drop per 100 km as rough starting check (context-dependent).
Avoid excessive fittings and sudden expansions/contractions; use long-radius elbows and gradual transitions.

Who This Module Is For

| Role | Value | |------|-------| | Junior process / piping engineers | Builds confidence in line sizing & code compliance | | EPC project teams | Speeds up front-end engineering (FEED) checks | | Maintenance & reliability staff | Understands pressure rating limits during modifications | | Engineering students | Bridges textbook theory with industrial practice |

Friction Factor – Colebrook Equation

Used for turbulent flow. For quick sizing, use:

Laminar: ( f = 64/Re )
Turbulent smooth: ( f = 0.316/Re^0.25 ) (Blasius)
Fully rough: ( f = 1 / [1.14 + 2\log_10(D/\varepsilon)]^2 )

4.3 Corrosion Allowance

Process fluids often corrode metal over time.

Carbon Steel: Typically 3mm (1/8 inch) is added to the calculated thickness for corrosion.
Stainless Steel/Duplex: Often 0mm corrosion allowance due to high resistance, unless specific chemicals (e.g., chlorides) are present.

Design Temperature (T_des)

Max operating temperature + margin (e.g., 20°C for non-critical, 30°C for fired heaters).

Guide to Module 3: Process Piping Hydraulics, Sizing, and Pressure Rating

8. References

ASME B31.3 – Process Piping (latest edition).
Crane Technical Paper No. 410 – Flow of Fluids.
Darcy, H. (1857) – Experimental determination of pipe flow losses.
Moody, L.F. (1944) – Friction factors for pipe flow.

Appendix A – Common Pipe Schedules & Dimensions (available in ASME B36.10) Here’s a structured feature overview for a training

Appendix B – Allowable Stress Tables (ASME B31.3, Table A-1)

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While specific course materials vary by provider, this module generally covers the following core engineering principles:

Hydraulic Sizing (Fluid Flow Design): Determines the minimum internal diameter (ID) of a pipe based on required flow rates and allowable velocity limits. Calculation: ODcap O cap D is outside diameter and is wall thickness). Keep velocities within recommended ranges for fluid type

Velocity Limits: For normal liquid service, acceptable velocities typically range from

Pressure Integrity Design: Determines the minimum wall thickness required to safely contain internal pressure. Formula (ASME B31.3): is design pressure, is outside diameter, and is allowable stress.

Pressure Rating Classifications: Components are often selected based on established ratings from standards like ASME B16.5 (e.g., Class 150, 300, 600). Related PDF Resources

You can find detailed technical guidance in these publicly available documents: is outside diameter

ASME B31.3 Process Piping Guide (LANL): A 171-page comprehensive guide covering pressure design and component selection.

Process Piping Fundamentals (CED Engineering): Although labeled "Module 1," it introduces the exact pressure rating and sizing principles found in typical piping curriculums. Process Design of Piping Systems

(KLM Tech): Provides mathematical relationships for pipeline sizing and pressure drop equations. Hydraulic Piping Standard Handbook

(GS-Hydro): Focuses on the standardization of piping classes and wall thickness reduction. Process Piping Fundamentals, Codes and Standards

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