Reference: Investigation of "El diabólico inconsciente" (PDF)

Objective

• Compile a meticulous bibliographic and investigative reference for the phrase/title "El diabólico inconsciente" with emphasis on locating, identifying, and evaluating PDF versions (authenticity, provenance, and scholarly value).

Bibliographic identification

• Title: El diabólico inconsciente
• Language: Spanish (presumed)
• Possible literal translation: "The diabolic unconscious" or "The devilish unconscious"
• Likely subject areas: psychoanalysis, literature/critical theory, cultural studies, occult or religious studies (depending on context)
• Potential authors to check (search starting points): canonical psychoanalytic authors (e.g., Freud, Jung, Lacan), Spanish-language psychoanalysts and critics, Latin American literary critics, or contemporary authors exploring the intersection of psychoanalysis and demonology. Also consider essay collections or journal articles rather than monographs.

Search strategy (recommended, reproducible steps)

1. Bibliographic databases
   • Query WorldCat, Library of Congress, and national libraries (Biblioteca Nacional de España; Biblioteca Nacional de Chile/Argentina/Mexico) for exact and variant title matches.
   • Search academic databases: JSTOR, Scopus, Web of Science, MLA International Bibliography, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, Dialnet, Redalyc, SciELO.
   • Use advanced search fields: title exact phrase "El diabólico inconsciente"; title contains; language = Spanish; year unspecified.
2. Scholarly search engines
   • Google Scholar: search exact phrase in quotes and without quotes; search by Spanish and English equivalents.
   • Microsoft Academic / Semantic Scholar: similar phrase and author searches.
3. General web search
   • Google / Bing: search exact phrase in quotes plus filetype:pdf to locate PDFs; try variations (el diabólico inconsciente, el diabolico inconsciente without accent, el diabólico inconsciente pdf).
   • Use site-restricted searches for institutional repositories: site:.edu, site:.edu.ar, site:.edu.mx, site:.edu.es, site:.org, site:.gob.
4. Repository and archive checks
   • Institutional repositories (universities across Spain & Latin America).
   • HathiTrust, Internet Archive, Biblioteca Digital Hispánica.
   • ResearchGate, Academia.edu for possible author-uploaded PDFs.
5. Library catalogs and union catalogs
   • Use WorldCat to find physical holdings and check for digitized copies.
6. Citation chaining
   • If reference appears in other works, follow citations (backward and forward citation searching).
7. Metadata and authority control
   • Check VIAF, ISNI, and author authority files for variant names and to disambiguate authors.
8. Language and orthography variants
   • Search both with and without diacritics: "diabólico" vs "diabolico".
   • Try synonyms or alternate phrasings: "lo diabólico en el inconsciente", "lo diabólico y el inconsciente".
9. Broad topical searches
   • If no exact title match, search for the phrase as a chapter title, essay in collections, conference paper, or journal article.
10. Non-text sources

• Check theses, conference proceedings, book chapters, and magazine essays where the phrase might appear but not as a standalone book.

Assessment checklist for any located PDF

• Provenance: who hosts the PDF (publisher, university, personal site, repository)?
• Copyright status: in-copyright, open access, or public domain.
• Metadata accuracy: title, author, year, publisher, ISBN/ISSN, DOI.
• File integrity: complete pages, scanning errors, OCR quality.
• Authorship verification: does internal metadata or front matter match external authority records?
• Edition/version: first edition, reprint, translation, revised edition, or a chapter within an edited volume.
• Scholarly apparatus: presence of citations, footnotes, bibliography, publisher imprint.
• Credibility: publisher reputation, peer review status, institutional affiliation.
• Language fidelity: correct Spanish usage, editorial marks suggesting non-author modifications.
• Legal/ethical concerns: illegal distribution or infringing uploads — prefer official or institutional sources.

Evaluation criteria (to judge reliability/academic value)

• Primary vs secondary source: is it original work by an author or commentary?
• Peer review: published in a peer-reviewed journal or by an academic press.
• Citation footprint: number and quality of citations in other scholarly works.
• Publisher/host standing: university press, established publisher, respected repository.
• Date of publication: older primary psychoanalytic texts vs contemporary analyses—contextualize historically.
• References and methodology: transparent sourcing, scholarly referencing, methodological clarity.

Reporting template (use this to document each find)

• Search phrase used:
• Source found: (URL or catalog record)
• Host/Repository:
• Document type: (book, chapter, article, thesis, conference paper)
• Author(s):
• Year:
• Publisher / Journal:
• Volume/Issue/Pages:
• DOI / ISBN / ISSN:
• File format / Size:
• Notes on provenance and credibility:
• Copyright / Access status:
• OCR / Scan quality:
• Recommended citation (APA / MLA / Chicago; give one preferred format)
• Quick verdict: (Authentic, Likely authentic, Unclear, Not authentic / irrelevant)
• Next recommended action: (e.g., request interlibrary loan, contact author, verify via publisher)

Possible outcomes and how to proceed

• Exact-match PDF found hosted by a reputable publisher: use publisher metadata and cite accordingly; verify DOI/ISBN.
• Exact-match PDF found on author or institutional repository: check version (preprint vs final), use repository metadata and cite properly.
• Exact-match PDF found on aggregator or unknown host: cross-verify with publisher and library catalogs before using.
• No exact match but phrase appears as chapter/article: document context, cite the containing work, and search that work for PDF.
• No matches at all: consider that the phrase could be unpublished, misremembered/mistranscribed, a chapter title, or a phrase used in an essay; expand search to related phrases and contact scholars in relevant fields.

Sample recommended searches (copy-paste)

• "El diabólico inconsciente" filetype:pdf
• "El diabolico inconsciente" filetype:pdf
• "El diabólico inconsciente" site:edu
• "El diabólico inconsciente" site:es
• "lo diabólico en el inconsciente" pdf
• "diabólico inconsciente" pdf

Ethical and legal notes

• Prefer legally hosted versions (publisher sites, repositories).
• If a PDF appears to be unauthorized, do not recommend downloading; instead, point to legal access routes (publisher purchase, library loan, author contact).

Deliverables you can request next

• A curated list of actual located PDFs with full metadata and recommended citations.
• A ZIP of verified open-access PDFs (if available and legally shareable).
• A drafted email template to request a copy from an author or library.
• A short annotated bibliography summarizing each located source.

Date of this investigation: March 23, 2026

— End of reference —

The book you are referring to, El diabólico inconsciente (The Diabolic Unconscious), is a work by Salvador Freixedo, a former Jesuit priest and paranormal researcher. First published around 1975, it explores the connection between parapsychology and religion, suggesting that many "miraculous" or "demonic" events are actually manifestations of the human unconscious mind—a force Freixedo argues can be both creative and dangerously destructive [10].

Below is a short story draft inspired by the themes of Freixedo's work, followed by information on where to find the text. Story Draft: The Architect of Shadows

Julian was a man of strict logic, a scholar who spent his days in the dust of old libraries, yet his nights were plagued by a presence he couldn’t name. It began as a cold draft in a sealed room, then evolved into a rhythmic tapping against his bedroom glass.

One evening, Julian discovered a worn copy of Freixedo’s El diabólico inconsciente. As he read, the theory chilled him: the "Devil" wasn't an external entity, but a psychic parasite birthed from one's own repressed fears and intense religious upbringing. The more Julian resisted his own "darker" impulses, the more strength he gave to this "diabolical unconscious."

He decided to test the theory. He sat in his darkened study and, instead of praying for the tapping to stop, he addressed it as a part of himself. "I see you," he whispered.

The tapping stopped. The air grew heavy, and for a fleeting second, the shadow on the wall didn't match Julian’s silhouette. It moved independently, a jagged, terrifying reflection of every secret Julian had ever kept. In that moment, Julian realized the horror wasn't that a demon was in the room—it was that the room was empty, and the demon was simply him, finally stepping out from the basement of his mind. Where to find the book

If you are looking for a PDF or physical copy of Salvador Freixedo's work, you can check these resources:

Bookmate: Offers a digital version of the book for reading online [10].

Google Books: Provides bibliographic details and occasionally previews [1].

Goodreads: You can find reader reviews and summaries to better understand the book's core arguments regarding parapsychology and traditional religion [2, 5].

El diabólico inconsciente, written by the controversial ex-Jesuit priest and ufologist Salvador Freixedo, is a foundational work that bridges the gap between parapsychology, religious phenomena, and human psychology. Originally published in 1973 (with various editions in 1975 and 1989), the book explores how "miraculous" or "demonic" events may actually be manifestations of the human mind rather than external spiritual forces. Core Themes and Theories

In this work, Freixedo argues that the human unconscious possesses latent powers capable of producing extraordinary phenomena often attributed to gods or demons.

The Mind as the Source: Freixedo suggests that phenomena like Marian apparitions, possession, and poltergeists (objects moving on their own) are psychic manifestations utilized by organized religions to maintain control or explain the unknown.

Parapsychology vs. Religion: The book posits that religions act as a "double-edged sword"—either providing spiritual nourishment or becoming a "mortal weapon" when they misinterpret parapsychological events as divine or diabolical.

External Manipulation: Later editions and related works like La granja humana expand on the idea that humanity is being manipulated by non-human or extradimensional intelligences that exploit these psychic vulnerabilities. Bibliographic Details

The book has seen numerous reprints due to its enduring popularity in heterodox and mystery circles.

Lee “El diabólico inconsciente”. Salvador Freixedo en Bookmate

Option 3: Scribd (Subscription Model)

Many users looking for the free PDF don't realize that Scribd (now called Everand) hosts a scanned version of the original Spanish text. You can get a 30-day free trial to download the document legally.

The Myth of the "Lost Manuscript"

A word of caution for the searcher. There is a persistent internet rumor that El Diabólico Inconsciente is a "cursed" or forbidden text. This is a myth.

While the content is intense, the idea that the PDF causes psychological harm is a marketing trope used by illegal ebook aggregators to drive clicks. Do not fall for websites promising a "dangerous secret file." The danger is not in the PDF file; it is in the reflection you see when you read it.

1. The Rise of "Dark Psychology" Interest

With the popularity of true crime documentaries and books like The 48 Laws of Power, readers are obsessed with the "shadow." El Diabólico Inconsciente provides the clinical framework for understanding why "good" people do "evil" things.

Why the Fascination Endures

The popularity of the El Diabólico Inconsciente PDF lies in our desperate need to understand the chaos of the modern world. As we navigate a life filled with anxiety and uncertainty, understanding the internal "demon" becomes a necessary survival skill.

The book serves as a reminder that the greatest battles we fight are not with external enemies, but within the labyrinth of our own minds. By shining a light on the diabolical aspects of our psyche, we take the first step toward true freedom.

Have you explored the concepts in 'El Diabólico Inconsciente'? How do you view the battle between your conscious will and your unconscious drives? Let us know in the comments.

Title: Unmasking the Shadows: Why You Need El Diabólico Inconsciente (PDF)

Post:

Are you ready to stare into the abyss?

For years, "El Diabólico Inconsciente" (The Diabolical Unconscious) has been one of the most sought-after texts in modern depth psychology. Often described as the missing link between classic Freudian drive theory and the dark, archetypal realms of Jung, this work doesn't just scratch the surface—it drills straight into the basement of the psyche.

What makes this PDF essential reading? Unlike traditional psychology books that keep you at a safe distance, El Diabólico Inconsciente argues that the unconscious is not simply "forgetful" or "repressed." It is actively diabolical—literally "throwing itself across" your conscious path to trip you up, protect you, or drive you toward a destiny you never chose.

Inside the PDF, you will explore:

• The Saboteur Archetype: Why you ruin your own success just before the finish line.
• The Luciferian Function: How "evil" thoughts serve a hidden evolutionary purpose.
• Shadow Integration 2.0: Practical rituals to befriend the inner monster.

Is it available online? Yes—and no. While the physical edition has become a collector's rarity (selling for upwards of $200 on auction sites), digital copies have begun circulating in academic circles and private psychology forums.

⚠️ A serious warning: Readers have reported vivid nightmares, strange synchronicities, and intense emotional purges within 72 hours of reading the full PDF. This is not a "beach read." It is a work document for those serious about psychological transformation.

Where to find the PDF: Due to copyright restrictions, I cannot link directly to a file. However, you can find El Diabólico Inconsciente in PDF format by:

1. Searching Academic archives (JSTOR, ResearchGate, or university libraries under the author’s name).
2. Checking Spanish-language digital libraries (Biblioteca Virtual Cervantes or specific psychoanalysis forums).
3. Reaching out to psychology study groups on Reddit or Telegram—many share curated PDFs for non-commercial study.

Final thought: The devil at the door might not be a demon. It might just be your unconscious knocking. Are you brave enough to open the PDF?

👇 Drop a 🔥 if you’ve read it, or a 🙈 if you’re too scared to start.

Have you actually found a clean copy of the PDF? Share your source in the comments!

In his provocative 1974 book, El diabólico inconsciente (The Diabolic Unconscious), Salvador Freixedo—a former Jesuit priest—presents the startling theory that many religious miracles and "divine" interventions are actually manifestations of the human unconscious mind rather than acts of God. The Core Idea: The Mind as a "Small God"

One of the most interesting "pieces" or arguments in the book is Freixedo's claim that the human subconscious possesses quasi-divine powers that we do not fully understand. He suggests that:

Miracles are Parapsychology: Phenomena like stigmata, healings at shrines like Lourdes, or "supernatural" apparitions are triggered by the intense psychic energy of believers. He argues that our collective unconscious can materialize these events in response to deep-seated emotional needs.

The "Vampiric" Nature of Religion: Freixedo posits that organized religions often exploit this unconscious energy. He suggests that what we perceive as "gods" or "angels" might be entities (or psychic constructs) that "feed" on human devotion and suffering.

New vs. Old Myths: He frames the conflict not as science vs. religion, but as "new myths" (parapsychology/UFOs) vs. "old myths" (traditional dogma), suggesting both are different ways of describing the same mysterious psychic reality. Why It Was Controversial

Freixedo was eventually expelled from the Jesuit Order, largely because this book (and others like La granja humana) stripped away the "holy" veneer of religious institutions. He didn't just doubt God; he argued that humanity is being manipulated by its own unconscious potential and by external "interdimensional" intelligences that masquerade as deities.

For more context, you can explore the book's legacy on Goodreads or find modern editions at retailers like Amazon.

El Diabólico Inconsciente (also titled Parapsicología y Religión ) is a seminal work by former Jesuit priest and ufologist Salvador Freixedo

, first published in 1973. The book is a provocative critique of traditional religious dogmas through the lens of parapsychology and UFO phenomena. Core Themes & Summary Religion as a Tool of Manipulation

: Freixedo argues that religions are often "double-edged swords". He explores how paranormal events—often labeled as "miracles" or "possessions" by the church—are actually manifestations of a "diabolical unconscious" or external forces. The "Owners of the World"

: The author presents a controversial theory that humanity is manipulated by extraterrestrial or extradimensional entities that exploit our spiritual ignorance and subconscious minds to maintain a state of "slavery and suffering". Parapsychology vs. Faith

: The book provides an extensive catalog of cases involving moving objects (psychokinesis), black magic, and Marian apparitions, attempting to give them a rational, albeit alternative, explanation outside of religious tradition. Critical Reception Controversial Legacy

: Readers often view it as a book that "challenges beliefs about reality and religion". It is praised by those interested in alternative history and ufology for its "clarity and lucidity" in questioning the status quo. Author Credibility

: Freixedo's background as a former priest adds a layer of insider critique that resonates with skeptics of organized religion.

: The work remains popular 50 years after its debut, recently receiving a 50th Anniversary Commemorative Edition Where to Find it El Diabolico Inconsciente Pdf Download - Facebook

El Diabolico Inconsciente: Un Viaje al Corazón de la Psicología

El concepto de "el diabolico inconsciente" se refiere a una idea fascinante y compleja que ha intrigado a psicólogos, filósofos y científicos durante siglos. A menudo asociado con las teorías de Sigmund Freud, el padre del psicoanálisis, este término describe la parte de nuestra mente que opera más allá de nuestro control consciente, influenciando nuestros pensamientos, sentimientos y comportamientos de maneras que ni siquiera nosotros mismos podemos entender completamente.

¿Qué es el Inconsciente?

Para entender el concepto de "el diabolico inconsciente", es crucial comenzar con lo básico: ¿qué es el inconsciente? Según Freud, el inconsciente es una parte de nuestra mente que almacena nuestros recuerdos, pensamientos y deseos que están más allá de nuestro acceso consciente. Estos elementos pueden ser demasiado dolorosos, vergonzosos o inaceptables para que nuestra mente consciente los reconozca, por lo que son "empujados" hacia el inconsciente.

El Diabolico Inconsciente

La descripción de "diabolico" se relaciona con la capacidad del inconsciente para actuar de maneras que pueden parecer contradictorias, dañinas o incluso "malvadas" desde una perspectiva consciente. Nuestros miedos, deseos reprimidos y conflictos no resueltos pueden manifestarse en forma de comportamientos autodestructivos, fobias, ansiedades o incluso enfermedades psicológicas. El inconsciente puede jugar un papel crucial en la formación de nuestros mecanismos de defensa, algunos de los cuales pueden tener efectos negativos a largo plazo.

Ejemplos y Manifestaciones

• Mecanismos de Defensa: Nuestro inconsciente puede emplear mecanismos de defensa como la negación, la represión, la proyección, entre otros, para protegernos de amenazas percibidas. Sin embargo, estos mecanismos pueden distorsionar la realidad y llevarnos a actuar de maneras que no son saludables o constructivas.

• Trauma y Memoria: Los eventos traumáticos pueden ser empujados hacia el inconsciente, solo para resurgir más tarde en forma de flashbacks, pesadillas o una evitación general de situaciones que recuerden al trauma.

• Deseos y Conflictos: Nuestros deseos inconscientes pueden llevarnos a sentir atracción por personas o situaciones que conscientemente rechazamos, creando conflictos internos.

Conclusión

El concepto de "el diabolico inconsciente" nos recuerda la complejidad de la mente humana. Entender y abordar estos aspectos ocultos de nuestra psique puede ser un paso crucial hacia la sanación, el crecimiento personal y la autoaceptación. A través de la psicoterapia, la introspección y el diálogo interno, podemos aspirar a iluminar las sombras de nuestro inconsciente, integrando estas partes fragmentadas de nosotros mismos y alcanzando un mayor equilibrio y bienestar.

Referencias

• Freud, S. (1915). El inconsciente. En Metapsicología.

• Jung, C. G. (1960). The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 8: The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche. Princeton University Press.

Este artículo ha proporcionado una visión general del concepto de "el diabolico inconsciente", explorando sus orígenes, manifestaciones y el papel que juega en nuestras vidas. La continua investigación y reflexión sobre este tema complejo ofrece profundas perspectivas sobre la condición humana.

El diabólico inconsciente: Parapsicología y religión , written by Salvador Freixedo

, is a provocative work originally published in 1975 that explores the intersection of human psychology and supernatural phenomena. Review Overview

Freixedo, a former Jesuit priest, argues that many religious "miracles," demonic possessions, and parapsychological events are actually products of the human mind rather than external divine or infernal forces. He uses the term "diabolical" to describe the deceptive and powerful nature of the unconscious mind, which he believes can manipulate physical reality through telekinesis and other PSI phenomena. Key Themes Parapsychology vs. Religion:

The book challenges traditional religious interpretations of miracles, suggesting they are uncontrolled manifestations of our own mental power. Case Studies:

Freixedo provides a wide array of documented cases involving objects moving on their own, "miraculous" healings across various cultures, and black magic. The "Diabolical" Nature:

The "diabolical" aspect refers to how the unconscious can "trick" the conscious mind into believing in gods or demons, acting as a "mortal weapon" if misunderstood. Critical Perspective

While the book is celebrated by followers of mystery and fringe science for its "clarity and lucidity," it is highly controversial among both mainstream religious groups and the scientific community for its unconventional theories. You can find modern editions of this 374-page work through Ushuaia Ediciones or browse digital versions on platforms like

of a specific chapter, or would you like to explore Freixedo's other works like La granja humana

Lee “El diabólico inconsciente”. Salvador Freixedo en Bookmate

Published originally in 1973, "El diabólico inconsciente" by Salvador Freixedo remains a provocative and foundational work for those interested in the intersection of parapsychology, religion, and the human mind . Overview and Themes

The book explores how phenomena often attributed to the divine or the demonic—such as miracles, possessions, apparitions, and UFO sightings—may actually originate from the untapped power of the human subconscious . Freixedo, a former Jesuit priest, argues that religions have historically misinterpreted or manipulated these parapsychological events .

Parapsychology vs. Religion: Freixedo challenges traditional religious explanations, suggesting that many "miracles" are psychic manifestations .

The Power of the Mind: The "diabolical" aspect of the title refers not necessarily to literal demons, but to the unpredictable and often destructive potential of the unconscious when it is repressed or misdirected .

Critical Lens: The author examines how institutionalized faith can act as a "double-edged sword," either nourishing the spirit or starving it, leading to desperate psychic outbursts . Why Read It?

Historical Context: It is a key text for understanding the "Teovnilogía" movement (the study of God and UFOs) and the broader skepticism regarding organized religion that emerged in the late 20th century .

Case Studies: The book provides a wide array of historical and contemporary cases to support its theories .

Legacy: Even 50 years later, its updated editions are still sought after by students of psychology and mystery seekers for their clarity and bold critique . Availability

While physical copies are available through retailers like Amazon and Casa del Libro, the book is also widely accessible in digital formats (PDF/eBook) for modern readers . EL DIABOLICO INCONSCIENTE - SALVADOR FREIXEDO

The phrase " El Diabólico Inconsciente " (The Diabolical Unconscious) typically refers to a provocative concept often explored in psychoanalytic, philosophical, or psychological literature. While it sounds like the title of a specific book, it is frequently associated with the work of Néstor Braunstein, a prominent Argentine psychoanalyst.  Key Concepts Behind the "Diabolical Unconscious" 

If you are looking for content related to this theme, it usually centers on the following ideas: 

The Unconscious as an Other: Drawing from Lacanian theory, the unconscious is not just a "basement" of memories but a structured language that operates independently of our conscious will—often feeling "diabolical" because it subverts our intentions.

The Subversion of the Subject: It explores how our desires and drives (Trieb) can lead us toward self-sabotage or repetitive behaviors that seem "evil" or external to who we think we are.

The Ethics of Psychoanalysis: Authors like Braunstein use these terms to discuss the "jouissance" (excessive pleasure/pain) that the unconscious seeks, which often defies social norms and moral logic.  Related Resources 

If you are searching for a PDF or further reading, you might find these titles relevant:  " El goce: Un concepto lacaniano

" by Néstor Braunstein: Often considered his magnum opus, it deals heavily with the "demonic" nature of human drive and pleasure. " La memoria del uno y la memoria de los otros

": Another work by Braunstein that touches on how the unconscious "remembers" things the conscious mind rejects.  Search Tips  To find a specific PDF document: 

Search for "El goce Néstor Braunstein PDF" to find his most famous related work.

Check academic repositories like Academia.edu or ResearchGate using the keyword "inconsciente lacaniano" for scholarly essays on the topic. 

El diabólico inconsciente: parapsicología y religión is a seminal work by former Jesuit priest and researcher Salvador Freixedo, first published in 1973. The book explores the profound and often disturbing intersection between religious phenomena and the hidden powers of the human mind. Overview of the Work

In this book, Freixedo argues that many events traditionally classified as "miracles" or "demonic possessions" are actually manifestations of the human unconscious. He uses his unique perspective as a former insider of the Catholic Church to critique how institutional religions interpret parapsychological events.

Author: Salvador Freixedo, a controversial figure in heterodox thought known for his studies on UFOs and religion.

Core Thesis: Religious experiences, from Marian apparitions to black magic, may share a common origin in the untapped potential and "diabolical" nature of the unconscious mind.

Key Themes: Parapsychology, religious crisis, demonic possession, and the manipulation of human belief systems. Why the "PDF" version is sought

Many readers search for El diabólico inconsciente PDF because the physical book has gone through various editions and remains a cult classic in the Spanish-speaking world. While digital versions may be available on platforms like Bookmate or Google Books, physical copies are still sold through major retailers. Main Arguments and Content

The Crisis of Religion: Freixedo posits that traditional religions are failing to provide genuine spiritual nourishment, leading the spirit to seek "food" in desperate or dangerous ways.

Parapsychology as a Tool: The author suggests that parapsychological phenomena can be either a useful tool for enlightenment or a "deadly weapon" depending on how they are harnessed by religious institutions.

Phenomena Analyzed: The book examines objects moving on their own, miracles across different faiths, and communication with the deceased. Where to Find the Book

Based on available references, this is a work by Adolfo Fernández, often associated with psychoanalysis, esoteric traditions, and the darker aspects of the unconscious mind. Here’s a concise review of the core themes and content typically found in this text: