!!top!!: Eeg And Sleep Physiology Ppt
Presentation Title: The Electroencephalogram and the Architecture of Sleep
Target Audience: Medical students, Neuroscience undergraduates, or Sleep Technicians.
Estimated Duration: 45–60 Minutes.
Slide 2: Learning Objectives
Title: What You Will Learn
Content:
- The physiological basis of Electroencephalography (EEG).
- Characteristic EEG rhythms of wakefulness and sleep.
- The architecture of NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) and REM sleep.
- Key neural mechanisms regulating sleep-wake cycles.
- Clinical relevance: Sleep disorders and EEG.
Slide 5: EEG Rhythms of Wakefulness
Title: Awake & Alert vs. Relaxed
Content:
| Rhythm | Frequency | Amplitude | State |
|--------|-----------|-----------|-------|
| Beta (β) | 13–30 Hz | Low | Active concentration, anxiety, eyes open |
| Alpha (α) | 8–13 Hz | Moderate | Quiet wakefulness, eyes closed, relaxed |
| Gamma (γ) | 30–100 Hz | Very low | Cross-modal sensory processing, cognition | eeg and sleep physiology ppt
Key Point: Alpha rhythm is maximal in occipital leads and blocks with eye opening.
Visual: EEG traces of beta (desynchronized, low amp) and alpha (rhythmic, sinusoidal). Slide 2: Learning Objectives Title: What You Will
Slide 10: Sleep Architecture Across the Night
Title: The Hypnogram – A Night in the Life of the Brain
Content: The physiological basis of Electroencephalography (EEG)
- Cycles: 4–6 cycles per night; each cycle ~90 minutes.
- Early night: Dominated by N3 (deep sleep).
- Late night/early morning: REM sleep episodes lengthen; N3 decreases.
- Typical adult: ~5% N1, 50% N2, 20% N3, 25% REM.
Visual: Classic hypnogram (y-axis: Wake, REM, N1, N2, N3; x-axis: hours 1-8). Show REM increasing.
Slide 22 — Research & Emerging Topics
- High-density EEG, mobile/home EEG, closed-loop stimulation (e.g., slow-wave enhancement), machine learning for sleep staging, glymphatic imaging links
Slide 17 — Polysomnography (PSG) Setup & Sensors
- Channel list: EEG (recommended leads), EOG, chin/limb EMG, ECG/respiratory belts, oximetry
- Sampling rates, filter settings, montage suggestions for sleep scoring
12. EEG Biomarkers and Quantitative Metrics
- Slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.5–4 Hz power): robust marker of sleep homeostasis; correlates with prior wakefulness and cognitive recovery.
- Sleep spindle density and morphology: associated with learning ability and memory consolidation; altered in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
- REM density: measure of rapid eye movements; altered by antidepressants and in mood disorders.
- EEG microstructure indices: CAP rate, cyclic alternating patterns, and arousal indices quantify sleep stability and fragmentation.
- Spectral slope and 1/f components: emerging metrics relating to arousal and cortical excitation–inhibition balance.